Autonomy in Hamlet and Oedipus - 952 Words

For their injustices, Oedipus must be exiled from Thebes: Socrates must drink hemlock and die. Discuss the extent to which Oedipus’ and Socrates’ final moments are determined by past acts of autonomy. Socrates is a character who is seen as person who dies for his ideals. He sees himself as a public servant who has lived his life helping the people of the city with his practice of philosophy and by living his life within the boundaries of the laws and justices of society. Socrates sees this as a commitment by an invisible contract and he must commit himself to obey them even though these laws have wronged him. He is urged by his friend Crito to escape but Socrates feels that this would be wrong as it is going against state, country†¦show more content†¦Clearly the curse was Oedipus’ own idea. The autonomy of his own actions are seen when we witness a sequence of characters pleading for him to stop the investigation and become accepting of ignorance: once at the beginning with Teiresias, (Sophocles, 1970, p. 9), twice in the middle by Jocasta, (Sophocles, 1970, pp. 17amp;22), and the end by the shepherd, (Sophocles, 1970, p. 26) and still he does not adhere to their advice, but carries on with his questioning and investigation. Oedipus’s fate is not forced upon his actions, but show that his actions are of a free king and man. Fate and free will is a powerful question in both works. For Socrates it shows that free will has limitations and that there are other elements at play which tend to hamper full realization of individual autonomy. For Oedipus, this seems to be clearly defined in that he seeks to outrun his own destiny. He believes that his use of freedom and clarity in judgment can overcome what is fated to be. In this light one can see Oedipus as seeking to appropriate a domain that is not in his control. Eventually he ends up paying dearly for it. For Socrates, autonomy is a bit more muddled. It does not necessarily invoke the fate condition to limit human freedom, but rather argues that there are other factors perhaps within us that seem to curtail our own use of freedom. The limiting function is not outside the individual, but rather within them. References Macquarie Dictionary (2nd ed.). (1999).Show MoreRelatedHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 Pagesold man, attractive but evil, violates a young woman, leaves his mark, takes her innocence b. Sexual implications—a trait of 19th century literature to address sex indirectly c. Symbolic Vampirism: selfishness, exploitation, refusal to respect the autonomy of other people, using people to get what we want, placing our desires, particularly ugly ones, above the needs of another. 4. If It’s Square, It’s a Sonnet 5. Now, Where Have I Seen Her Before? a. There is no such thing as a wholly original workRead More Hamlet - Shakespeares Ophelia as Modern Icon Essay3388 Words   |  14 PagesHamlet - Shakespeares Ophelia as Modern Icon Shakespeares Ophelia is not lacking in attention. As one of Shakespeares most popular female characters she has enjoyed many appellations from the bard. Fair Ophelia. Most beautified Ophelia. Pretty Ophelia. Sweet Ophelia. Dear Ophelia. Beautiful Ophelia†¦sweet maid†¦poor wretch. Poor Ophelia. (Vest 1) All of these names for Ophelia can be found in Shakespeares The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Since Shakespeares incarnationRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmatters not what you are thought to be, but what you are.† Alfred Lord Tennyson said: â€Å"Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control, these three alone lead to sovereign power.† Probably the most oft-quoted passage on the self is Polonius’ advice in Hamlet: â€Å"To thine own self be true, and it must follow as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man.† Messinger reminded us: â€Å"He that would govern others must ï ¬ rst maste r himself.† Self-awareness lies at the heart of the ability to master

Essay DMD Case Analysis - 3606 Words

1 General Information 15.060: Data, Models, and Decisions Professors Vivek Farias, Robert Freund, and Cynthia Rudin Fall 2012 Description 01 2 Many managerial decisions—regardless of their functional orientation—are increasingly based on analysis using quantitative models from the discipline of management science. Management science tools, techniques and concepts (e.g., data, models, and software programs) have dramatically changed the way businesses operate in manufacturing, service operations, marketing, transportation, and finance. This subject is designed to introduce first-year Sloan students to the fundamental techniques of using data to make informed management decisions. In particular, we will focus on†¦show more content†¦Because mastery of the basic mechanics is necessary for effective and discerning usage of the concepts, we require that you do the homework assignments individually. In addition to their value as learning exercises, doing a careful and thorough job on the homework assignments is the best preparation for the final examination of the course. There are three types of assignments: Read, Prepare and Hand In. Read: When the assignment is to Read some material, this reading is an important introduction to the topics to be discussed in class. We will proceed on the assumption that you have done the reading before class and have understood much (but not necessarily all) of it. When the assignment is to Read a problem, that problem will often be used in class to introduce new concepts. You should be familiar with the problem, but you will not be expected to have fully analyzed it before the discussion in class. Prepare: Fully analyze the problem. Be ready to discuss it in class, with model equations formulated, the numbers computed, etc. We will cold-call on people, so please be ready. 15.060 Data, Models, and Decisions Professors Farias, Freund, Rudin General Information/Syllabus Fall 2012 3 Hand In: The same as Prepare, but you must turn in your analysis. All written assignments must beShow MoreRelatedDmd Case Analysis of Making a Decision of Buying a House1224 Words   |  5 Pages | |Instructor: | Dr. Feng Haolin | |Homework: |Decision Analysis | |Name: | Group 1. Li Yuechuan/ Pankaj Malhotra/ Liang Yuan/ Wu Zhuhua/ Tan Jing/ Gu Junling | |Student ID No.:Read MoreThe Two X Linked Inheritence1623 Words   |  6 PagesDystrophy. History The disease was first described by the Neapolitan physician Giovanni Semmola in 1834 and Gaetano Conte in 1836.{1} Though DMD is named after the French neurologist Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne (1806–1875), who, in the 1861 edition of his book Paraplegie hypertrophique de lenfance de cause cerebrale, described and detailed the case of a boy who had this condition.{2} After an year later, he open photos of his patient in his Album de photographies pathologiques. In 1868Read More Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Essay1079 Words   |  5 Pagesover and scoop a dropped pencil off the floor are all motions which are only dreamt of by those with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. An X-linked recessive disorder which can be exhibited in both males and females, DMD is most prominent in males, affecting 3500 boys in the world (McKusick). DMD affects muscle -- skeletal, smooth, and cardiac -- by causing degeneration (McKusick). Diagnosis occurs around five years old, and by age ten, a wheelc hair is often necessary for the patient. The skeletal muscleRead MoreA Study On Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy1735 Words   |  7 Pagesconnect the DGC with extracellular laminin 29. 2.3 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) Muscular Dystrophies are genetically inherited disorders characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of muscles10. DMD is caused by genetic mutations that result in the absence of Dystrophin protein expression. It is the most common muscular dystrophy with a population incidence of 1:4000 male births11. DMD begins to manifest in early childhood, as early as 2 years of age. Most children develop clinicallyRead MoreThe Genetics Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy1311 Words   |  6 Pagessurvivors past the age of thirty and the average lifespan at twenty-five. The cause of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is the occurrence of mutations in the Dystrophin (DMD) gene. The cytogenetic location off the DMD gene is Xp21.2; meaning at location 21.2 on the short arm of the X chromosome from base pair 31,119,219 to base pair 33,339,609. DMD is the biggest human gene currently known and instructs for the production of a 427 kDa protein by the same name. The dystrophin protein is part of the dystrophinRead MoreHP Kittyhawk case study analysis833 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿BA 569: Advanced Strategic Management Case Write-ups—Hewlett-Packard: The Flight of the KittyHawk(A) Two years after launching the Kittyhawk in mid-1992, Rick Seymour, the Kittyhawk project leader, was facing a dilemma to continue the project with the three possible options or to recommend to abandon this project. Due to the comparatively small market share in disk-drive market, Bruce Spenner, the general manager of the Disk Memory Division, decided to enlarge Hewlett-Packard’s market share byRead MoreGenome Editing Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of embryonic genome editing in germ line cells. Homologous DNA recombination by traditional gene editing techniques in mammalian eggs has a low rate (10%) in term of efficiency to correct gene mutation in desired specific site. Although, some cases of recent embryonic gene editing display greater efficacy by utilizing Cas9 (for example Crb1gene and Asip gene have efficiency about 27% and 18.2% respectively ) [82]. There are ethical and social obstacles in the path of germ line genome modificationRead MoreThe Cost Versus Return T rade Off1125 Words   |  5 Pagesshould make full use of my MBA and apply the models and concepts I am learning here to our own business. So the problem I have chosen for my DMD Term Paper is to make optimum utilization of the resources and get the maximum returns on the money we are investing in our business. The case will help me determine and understand the cost versus return trade-off. The case will help us realise that what are the maximum benefits we could reap out of our business if we utilise our resources to an optimal rateRead MoreMis3057466 Words   |  30 Pages(The â€Å"Bank†). Committee members, who must number at least three (3) Directors, are appointed by the Board and may be replaced by the Board. Three (3) members of this Committee shall constitute a quorum, unless there are only three (3) members in which case the quorum will be two (2). Members of this Committee must be independent Directors. The Committee may appoint a Secretary, who need not be a Director. The Committee shall appoint the Committee Chair. The Committee shall meet as often as necessary;Read MoreReview Of The Unit For Bridge And Movie 1647 Words   |  7 PagesBloom’s taxonomy domains of analysis, comprehension, evaluation, and knowledge which were used to test the students’ fluency and comprehension of the objectives used in the instructional portion of the unit. The unit was broken up into six objectives that were covered over the two week period. At the end of the two week period the students would be able to: recall the symbols throughout the novel and movie. (Knowledge), contrast the events within the book and movie. (Analysis), recognize the plots in

Substance Abuse Within Correctional Setting - 978 Words

Substance Abuse in Correctional Setting Assessment psychology has examined individuals who are criminal offenders who were evaluated to determine their personalities to which they have a long history with. Approximately well over a century ago, Mà ¼nsterberg, 1908, Vaccaro Hogan, 2004 who are all psychologists has managed a improved study on criminal offenders that will allow us all to have an ambiguous understanding of how the process of his research in reference to the criminal offenders testimony in court cases. In the 20th century the personality assessment was established, which was generally exercised to govern a component for personality in criminals (Symonds, 1934). During court cases in 1942 adults and juveniles were introduced to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) which was disclosed that same year. Psychologists Archer, Stredny, Zoby, (2006); Archer, Buffington-Vollum, Stredny, and Handel (2006); Borum and Grisso (1995); and Lally (2003) was flabber gasted to find how accurate the MMPI–2 presented itself, which was ultimately the most universally piece of equipment acknowledged and used as evidence for criminals, that calculated their personalities in forensic assessments. The MMPI was authenticated well in the 70’s which everyone employed extensively as solid foundation in correctional settings as well as the use in forensic psychologists. Currently the use of assessments were for people who were underShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review On Recidivism854 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review Correctional Treatment: An Effective Model for Change This particular study uses the therapeutic community theory model (TC) of treatment to reduce recidivism. The journal article discusses the development and the history of (TC). Furthermore, it uses the TC) model in the Oregon prison correctional system to validate this particular method of treatment. The purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to show that an effective drug treatment program in the criminal justiceRead MoreDrug Abuse And Substance Abuse Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Approximately eighty percent of the inmates in correctional facilities have problems related to substance abuse. The number of male inmates has increased considerably in the recent years mainly due to a high number arrests and prosecutions that are drug related. Many correctional facilities offer educational and treatment interventions to help them. 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The risk-reduction model focus on recidivism; it identifies risk factors that causes the behavior and empirically shown to predict reoccurrences; whereas, the enhancement model focus on the psychological and physical well-being of the inmate; â€Å"it identifies improvement matters such as coping with physical or sexual abuse, parenting, and HIV risk (Schram Morash, 2002), with the assumptionRead MoreEssay about Correctional System1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe U.S. correctional system has come under critical public scrutiny which has c orrections administrators scrambling to find ways to run effective correctional facilities. The reality of corrections administration today is that it is changing. Major issues of this changing environment include ongoing budget concerns, privatization, technology, overcrowding, program issues, personnel management, security issues, and legal issues. 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It is a relevant and pressing issue associated with continued use, as well as inflated recidivism rates for this population. It has been found that over half of all inmates at county, state, and federal sentencing levels meet criteria for substance use disorders, as well as having served at least 3 total correctional sentences duringRead MoreCorrectional Programs of America Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagestraining, work release, drug-abuse, health care, religious, and finally recreational programs are just a few of the hundreds of services inmates can participate in. Due to these programs, positive changes within an inmates life are entirely within reach. William Rogers began instructing student inmates, in 1789, at the Philadelphia Walnut Street Jail. Rogers established what is now know as the â€Å"Sabbath School†. The â€Å"Sabbath School† existed from 1789 to about 1875. Within this period, members of the

Reflecting on the Sarel Marais Homestead Free Essays

REFLECTING ON THE SAREL MARAIS HOMESTEAD WHO PUT IT UP? By the early 1800’s, there were 1000s of Boer husbandmans who had settled on the eastern frontier of the Cape Colony. They became progressively dissatisfied with the British Colonial Government. The Boers were displeased, among other things, with the continual intervention in their personal businesss by the Colonial Government, the on-going foraies on their farms by the Xhosa and the long hold in being granted self-determination ( Britz, 2012 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Reflecting on the Sarel Marais Homestead or any similar topic only for you Order Now This resulted an organized out-migration of 1000s of Afrikaner frontier husbandmans and their laborers from the Crown Colony of the Cape to the northern and north-eastern sectors of southern Africa order to get away the Imperial subjugation and the accordingly colony of the country North of the Vaal River, subsequently to go the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek ( ZAR ) ( Fraser, 1986 ) . Sarel Marais and his household were one the first households who settled in the Transvaal. Sarel bought the western part of the farm Rietvlei where he constructed the household homestead ( Britz, 2012 ) . WHAT WERE THEY CONCERNED ABOUT? When emigres relocate themselves they have three beginnings for their edifice civilization, viz. tradition, invention and adoption. The Voortrekkers, born on African dirt, trekked from the Eastern Cape, an country with a peculiar edifice civilization, into the backwoods occupied by autochthonal pastoralists with their ain traditions. Although the Trekkers maintained trade links with the South, the terrain was rugged and transport hard. They hence resorted in utilizing locally available stuffs wherever possible. This in bend influenced the techniques of building ( Fisher, et al. , 1998 ) . WHAT MATERIAL FACTORS INFLUENCED IT ( AVAILABILITY/PRESTIGE/ECONOMY ) ? The part of the Rietvlei farm where the Marais’ settled had ample graze, fertile dirt, plentifulness of H2O and an copiousness of game. Sarel constructed the farm house from bricks made from clay that was found locally, on the Bankss of the Bloubosspruit, which is one of basic edifice stuffs Transvaal ( Britz, 2012 ) . The clay was prepared by wetting, kneading, ( where droppings and husk might be added ) and adding limestone. The clay mixture was so moulded and dried to organize clay bricks ( Fisher, et al. , 1998 ) . The window gaps were constructed with wooden headers and were ab initio covered with a piece of cheesecloth dipped in lubricating oil to maintain out dust and to give a grade of privateness to the occupant. This was a consequence of the unobtainability of glass as it broke on the journey by waggon inland from the seashore. Shutters were subsequently added when the abode became more lasting. The floor made from clay mixed with cow blood with a thin bed of cow droppings to protect it. Such a floor was besides frequently adorned with Prunus persica cavities that were laid in the wet clay is pressed and polished with aloe juice or wax ( Fisher, et al. , 1998 ) . The roof was thatched which so as now was tied in packages with the grass seeds topmost. Once fixed by sewing with rawhide lashs to the laths beneath, the packages would be beaten parallel to the pitch of the roof with a â€Å"dekspaan† or thatching spade or jostle. This technique has later became prevailing and is known amongst some black people as â€Å" Boer † ( or sometimes â€Å"Afrikaner † ) thatching ( Fisher, et al. , 1998 ) . The thatch was supported by yellowwood beams and balks. This was an indicant that the Marais’ were comparatively affluent as the yellow had to be ordered and delivered from Cape Town by waggon. WHAT SORT OF DESIGN MERIT YOU THINK IT HAS ( INNOVATION/BEAUTY/UTILITY ) ? What are of import about these colonies is to retrieve that prior to populating in proper â€Å" homes † or â€Å" houses † , the Trekkers lived in ox waggons that truly merely protected their most intimate properties and offered privateness for kiping and none for life indoors. These edifices were stripped of all extravagancy reflecting the innovator settler’s existent demands for shelter and protection ( Meiring, 1985 ) . We should non try to construe the common edifice traditions of the seminomadic and first stage innovator colonist from a modem position. Besides that these persons had a vision of a big home or â€Å" house † and that they pursued this vision every bit shortly as they settled on a piece of land. In many cases it is clear that constructing a â€Å" house † with many suites functioning all or at least the majority of the demands of the household at one time was non a precedence. Needs were served as they arose, depending on the blessing of the male parent or patriarch of the house ( Fisher, et al. , 1998 ) . WHAT THE IMPORTANT FEATURES DOES THE Building HAVE? What can be farther deducted from the above observations is that to the innovator colonists, â€Å" unfastened infinite † was more of import than â€Å" closed infinite † . Distance between activities and closed infinites were more of import than constellating and the economic linking of infinites. These spacial constructs lie at the bosom of the early common architecture in rural Transvaal ( Fisher, et al. , 1998 ) . WHAT OTHER BUILDINGS AND SYSTEMS IT RELATES TO? In the Transvaal land term of office was to follow the same system of issue as in the Cape. Every original Trekker of 16 old ages of age and older could choose a vacant piece of land and petition that it be surveyed and registered in his name. A fixed quitrent was so paid on every farm ( Fraser, 1986 ) . Prior to 1852 fledglings to the part were entitled to two farms: one either residential or harvest farm and the other a bushveld farm for winter graze. Surveying of farming area besides followed the tested and trusted old Cape system. A horseback drive of halt-an-hour would be taken at a walk from a cardinal point ( normally a perennial H2O beginning where the farmstead would be located ) in each of the four central waies. Such a farm was non to transcend 3000 morgen* although larger farms could buy extra land ( Fisher, et al. , 1998 ) . * A South African unit of country ( now archaic in the Nederlands ) , equal to approximately two estates or 0.8 hectare. From the Dutch morgen ( forenoon ) therefore the land which could be ploughed by a span of cattle in a forenoon ( Fisher, et al. , 1998 ) WHAT SORT OF CONDITION IT IS IN TODAY? The homestead’s ruins can be found in the southern portion of Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve. Bibliography Britz, R. , 2012.Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve Assosiation.[ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.klipriviersberg.org.za/index.php/history-overview/sarel-marais-story [ Accessed 14 March 2014 ] . Fisher, R. , lupus erythematosus Roux, S. A ; Mare , E. , 1998.Architecture of the Transvaal.Capital of south africas: UNISA. Fraser, M. , 1986.Johannesburg Pioneer Journals 1888-1909.Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society. Giliomee, H. , 2003.The Afrikaners: Biography of a People.Cape Town: Tafleburg Publishers Limited. Meiring, H. , 1985.Early Johannesburg ; Its Buildings and its Peoples.Cape Town: Human A ; Rousseau. Montgomery, C. , 2013.Heritage Treasures of the South.[ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.heritageportal.co.za/article/heritage-treasures-south [ Accessed 15 March 2014 ] . How to cite Reflecting on the Sarel Marais Homestead, Essay examples

Kerang Rail Crash Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Kerang Rail Crash In Australia. Answer: Train crashes have become a common factor due to the prohibitions of the safety measures. In Australia, also many cases are found of railway accidents. These kinds of accidents mainly occurs due to trains travelling collision on the same tract, trains getting distracted due to some technical fault or because of landslides or any object obstructing the rail. Proper rescue measures are very much important like the responsibility of the commander and staffs of the railway and there must be certain principles for interventions that must be kept in mind (Maurino et al., 2017).However, rail industry safety and standard board (RISSB) in Australia is expanding a compact model of safety risk to meet the needs of this industry. The Australian rail risk model (ARRM) pulls the attention on the existing system to create a progressive data other than any organization can generate. However, Australias Rail Safety National Law permits an approach that is risk based for managing safety (Guo et al., 2 014). The incident chosen here is the Kerang train accident that took place in 5th of June 2007 at kerang 3579 in Australia. In the accident however, 11 passengers were dead and more than 23 passengers were found to be injured. It is said to be the life threaten disaster in Australia ever since 1977. The train was crowded with passengers when it was derailed at Granville in the west of Sydney (Curtis et al., 2012). According to reporters, victims did not have the necessary safety measures and was almost left for dying as the doctors, nurses and anesthetists were told to stay away from the area of accident. In case of this particular train crash, however it was said that the truck driver was deaf in one ear and had glasses and so he could not see any red light flashing when he did take a bend and he could not hear the trains horn (Tung Khattak, 2015). The coroner however said that if the truck driver had the warning two seconds earlier then this collision could have been avoided. It has fu rther been said that in Australia maximum of the train crashes occurs due to collations that include trains and trucks. Thus, measures should be there to avoid all these. As suggested by the statistics it has been said that every transport involves some risk or the other and so safety levels are accepted are not are to be looked by the government who must regulate against the potentially hazardous practices. A number of causes actually enhance the rail accidents like derailments, unmanned level crossings, collisions, train fires and accidents that took place due to the lapses of the railway staff. A number of accidents take place due to the signaling errors that are made by the train operators. The basic safety measures that every driver should keep in mind is firstly to drive defensively which means if the driver has the proper sense of safety then the accidents are to be avoided, reaching the allotted destination is most important and so if any other vehicle is seen in a hurry thus they must not be obstinate. Speed limit should not be increased as because it is illegal as well as dangerous. The driver must be attentive and his focus should be on the roads while he is driving, seat belt should be worn and most importantly, if the driver is stresses or unwell then he should not be driving (Salmon et al., 2013). However, in cases of wet roads and bad weathers the driver should have slowed down the speed. The main safety breaches that contributed to this particular train crash were firstly the delayed signaling from the part of the train driver. As the coroner states that if the signaling were done few seconds prior then this accident would have been controlled. The next thing is that the truck driver could not see the crossing lights that were flashing. It was reported that the truck driver was deaf in one ear and had glasses. However, people who have physical limitations can be dangerous and risky for causing accidents. According to another truck driver who was just behind the truck which got into accident said that he saw no break light before the crash. The truck went straight and hit the train at the crossing (Newnam Goode, 2015). After this terrible accident, strong new rules were made up for the roads along with flashing warning light and the rumble strips. Apart from this, those Victorian drivers who will race there transport to beat the train at the level crossing will definitely lose their license for a month of three and may also face a fine of $3,300 under the crime of speeding to overcome the train. The state government has taken another measure where they established raised strips on the surface of the roads at every 200 crossings and flashing signs of warnings in the lead up to around 53 crossings, which include Kerang in the northern part of Victoria that comes under a package of multi-million dollar (Scott-Parker, Goode Salmon, 2015). Further, around 1,300 level crossings will however be left passively protected with a give way or a stop sign. Another problem that the investigators came up with is the increased bad behavior of the driver. This excessive risk taking behavior from the drivers will h owever the highest concern for the Australian government. Thus, in every rail crossing especially on a highway of the regional Victoria will have this active protection. With growing technological advantages, the government is also working hard so that they can use the technology to warn the drivers of threatening level crossings. This will include the GPS devices in the truck so that it can alert drivers to the nearby crossings and radio conductor warnings at the level crossings that can disallow vehicle radios (Wullems et al., 2014). However, the package of $33 million, which the government has come up with, they, will be including the dont risk it campaign of advertising and will increase the work at 75 crossings to clear the vegetation from the lines of vision. Addition to this there will be two new compliance cameras that will also be tested in the metropolitan crossing and in the regional crossing (Salmon et al., 2013). The new measures and policies also include the penalties that will be charged for every driver on the offences made by them at the level crossings. This package by the government will definitely enhance e the road safety in Victoria. However, the reasons that the public transport minister said are the main cause of the accident were inattentiveness, the drivers attitude flout the law and those drivers who have no awareness about the requirements. Thus, keeping these in mind the policies and practices are implemented. Therefore, Victorian government considered of buying technology overseas that will help the truck drivers get the warnings through their radios when the trains will be approaching at the level crossing. Thus, according to the transport minister there must be audible warning to the truck drivers who will be approaching the tracks when the trains are close (Wullems, Nikandros Nelson-Furnell, 2013). According to the rail safety experts, they think that there are requirements of more improvement in the safety measures at the level crossings that must involve an installation of boom gates at each level crossing. Presently, the government has already made significant improvements, which are dictating in the $30 million in upgrading level crossings all over the state. The rumble strips that were promised are all in place today. The automated updated warning signs are also being regularly rolled out all over the state. The speed limits have also been reduced at majority of the level crossings and there has been increased law enforcement and penalties (Glendon, Clarke McKenna, 2016). However, after implementing these policies, which were enhancing the crossings in Victoria and introduction of rumble strips, the crashes at the level crossings had really fallen as compare to the previous number of accidents. They also intended to improve the maintenance and regulations industries that are of heavy vehicles and the penalties that would be imposed for the breaches of standards will definitely enhance in the next few years. Safety has always been the concern of the Australian government at the level crossings and so they are always fighting to continue for improvements that they can make at the level crossings to prevent the accidents (Flammini, 2012). To conclude the essay it can be said that kerang train accident that took place in 5thJune 2007 actually shook the Victorian government and forced them to take possible measures so that the train crashes are minimized. This train crash was a massive one as the truck hit the train because he could not hear the warning signal nor he could see the flashing light that the train is approaching. Reports say that 11 passengers were death and more than 23 passengers were injured. It was also said that the injured did not get proper and on time medical facilities else conditions of the victims would have been better. However, the government was active enough to implement new policies and took right measures so that safety of the passengers as well as the drivers can be enhance and the accidents can be prevented. References Curtis, K., Caldwell, E., Delprado, A., Munroe, B. (2012). Traumatic injury in Australia and New Zealand.Australasian emergency nursing journal,15(1), 45-54. Flammini, F. (Ed.). (2012).Railway Safety, Reliability, and Security: Technologies and Systems Engineering: Technologies and Systems Engineering. IGI Global. Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S., McKenna, E. (2016). Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Guo, F., Chang-Richards, Y., Wilkinson, S., Li, T. C. (2014). Effects of project governance structures on themanagement of risks in major infrastructure projects: A comparative analysis.International Journal of Project Management,32(5), 815-826. Maurino, D. E., Reason, J., Johnston, N., Lee, R. B. (2017).Beyond aviation human factors: Safety in high technology systems. Routledge. Newnam, S., Goode, N. (2015). Do not blame the driver: a systems analysis of the causes of road freight crashes.Accident Analysis Prevention,76, 141-151. Salmon, P. M., Lenn, M. G., Young, K. L., Walker, G. H. (2013). An on-road network analysis-based approach to studying driver situation awareness at rail level crossings.Accident Analysis Prevention,58, 195-205. Salmon, P. M., Read, G. J., Stanton, N. A., Lenn, M. G. (2013). The crash at Kerang: Investigating systemic and psychological factors leading to unintentional non-compliance at rail level crossings.Accident Analysis Prevention,50, 1278-1288. Scott-Parker, B., Goode, N., Salmon, P. (2015). The driver, the road, the rules and the rest? A systems-based approach to young driver road safety.Accident Analysis Prevention,74, 297-305. Tung, L. W., Khattak, A. (2015). Distracted motor vehicle driving at highwayrail grade crossings.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2476), 77-84. Wullems, C., Nikandros, G., Nelson-Furnell, P. (2013). How safe is safe enough?: a socio-technical view of low-cost level crossing safety. Wullems, C., Wayth, R., Galea, V., Nelson-Furnell, P. (2014). In-vehicle railway level crossing warning systems: can Intelligent Transport Systems deliver?.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, 592.

[pic] Essay Example For Students

[pic] Essay Must See Rating: picpicpicpic/picpicpicpicpic Film ReviewByJian YuIn a time when so few motion pictures leave an impact, Fight Clubrefuses to be ignored or dismissed. The experience lingers, demanding to bepondered and considered, and, unlike most of the modern-day thrillers,there is a great deal here to think about and argue over. Fight Clubpresents an overload of thought-provoking material that works on so manylevels as to offer grist for the mills of thousands of reviews, featurearticles, and post-screening conversations. Pre-release interest in Fight Club was understandably high, primarilybecause of those involved with the project. Jim Uhls script is based on aninfluential novel by Chuck Palahniuk. The lead actor is the ever-popular Brad Pitt, who makes his strongestbid to date to shed his pretty boy image and don the mantle of a seriousthespian. Those dubious about Pitts ability to pull this off in the wakeof his attempts in movies such as Seven Years In Tibet and Meet Joe Blackwill suffer a change of heart after seeing this film. Pitts male co-starand the protagonist, Ed Norton, is widely recognized as one of the mostintelligent and versatile performers of his generation. Furthermore, FightClubs director, David Fincher, has already made a huge impression on movie-goers with only three movies to his credit: Alien 3, Seven (starring Pitt),and The Game. New games like The Simpsons and The Hulk will be in this mobile, if youwant more games you can buy from Game Shops anywhere they will have themini Cds that will be sold for 55 Dhs each. On each side of the phone there will be 2 speakers to hear from; headsetswill come with the phone as well as a remote control. The video tape and Cdholder will be one side of the phone. The Stand at the back of the mobilewill keep the phone up in any position you want, so you can lay back andwatch T.V. Wallpapers will have 3D graphics, where the wallpaper pops out in yourface, glasses free. The use of the Global Positioning system is very usefulto the consumers especially tourists. This feature is a map that will guideyou to anywhere in the country, it is very helpful. The physical featuresof the phone will come in many different colors like Red, Pink, Green,Blue, Black, White, Purple and Orange. It also has designed phones coversas well. Plain colored covers will cost 95dhs and designed colored coverswill cost 100dhs. So with all these features the phone will cost 6,000 Dhs, obviously this isnot a cheap mobile including the cost of the videotapes and cds. Soconsumers would have to be quite well off to afford this Mobile Phone. I think this mobile would be successful because a lot of people like tohave the latest mobile out and this would be the hottest thing ever!Done By: Sara Al-AliGrade: 12G

Lessons Learned Document Preparation †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Lessons Learned Document Preparation. Answer: Introduction In any project lifecycle, the project goes through a series of events that give opportunities to the project manager or team to learn some lessons or discover various opportunities. Team can lean about the strengths and weaknesses of the company and the project through the analysis of project for recording lessons. It would give an opportunity to the project teams to discuss reasons of success and failure such that recommendations can be made for future projects to ensure that they used the success factors and at the same time did not repeat mistakes identified in the project. Root causes behind the problems are identified in the process which can be used further by the management to solve internal issues in the company. Lessons learned report also serves as a mechanism for communication of the knowledge to the project teams or others working in the company(Williams, 2007). Basic Lessons Learned Process involves defining of a project, collection of data about the project, verification and synthesis, data storage and then dissemination of knowledge through a work process or training. Several approaches can be taken for collecting lessons on a project such as integrated, post-facto or combination approaches. Integrated approach is a simplified process in which project manager meets the staff to discuss lessons, synthesis discussions points to develop a report which is submitted for project progress review. Post facto approach is a very lengthy and formal approach in which objectives of lessons learned are defined, project is described, resources are confirmed, an agreement is signed with he writer, and specific schedule is developed for recording lessons(Rowe Sikes, 2006). This approach requires an extensive analysis involving major stakeholders or partners of the project. Combination approach collects lessons just as done in the integrated approach but also involves other stakeholders in the process later just as done in the post facto approach. Finally, the information is disseminated through workshops to the project teams. For the development of the current lessons learned report, an integrated approach is taken by interviewing some of the project members for recording the lessons and the lessons have been synthesized in this report(Qatar National Project Management, 2012). In the first stage of lessons learned, a project is described with its background explored. Thus, in this section, the project background and salient points have been discussed. The project involves modernization of the National Art Gallery of Ireland. The project has been executed by Office of Public Works using services of the architect Heneghan Peng who has led the design team on the refurbishment project. The project involved construction of an underground energy centre, Entry level Shaw Room, refurbished galleries, and a renovated light-filled courtyard. The energy centre would provide vital services to the gallery. The courtyard enhanced visitor experience with dramatically enhanced orientation between the Milltown Wings and the historical Dargan. It would also house Magnus Modus, a dramatic structure created by Joseph Walsh. The project included refurbished galleries that had 650 artworks displayed in the gallery in a chronological order on the Merrion Square with Irish collections at ground and European collections displayed on upper levels of the gallery. The project was a huge success and with only 20% of its galleries open, it could attract 700,00 0 visitors annually. The project was assigned a budget of 29 million for refurbishment of major parts of the Heritage building. 20 million of this investment was received from public capital and remaining from the Department of Finance. Stakeholders Key Players their roles As the lessons learned report needs collection of the project data from its major stakeholders, it is essential to identify the key stakeholders of the project which has been done. These stakeholders were involved in the discussions on the lessons learned and they have contributed significantly to the process. Key stakeholders of the project and their roles on the project can be defined as: Stakeholder Roles Contribution to lessons learned Department of Arts, Heritage, regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs The department was interested in achieving national objective of promoting tourism and thus, contributed with ideas and guidance on the redevelopment project. The department felt that the needs of the department were not sufficiently identified in the project because of which there were challenges on the project that had to go through several planning modifications resulting into major delays. The department suggested that the project manager strengthens the external stakeholder communication management by creasing their involvement in the planning stage. National Gallery of Ireland NGI was the project owner that provided as a decision authority for the project. NGI thought that despite the plan approved as per their expectations, the costs were not managed well which was due to lack of strong cost control measures taken by the team. The project progress was reported but it did not involve any specific cost elements associated with specific deliverables defined in the WBS. Overall cost deviations were reviewed but individual cost elements were not controlled. Office of Public Works The Office of Public Works was mainly responsible for the execution of all the planned activities needed for the renovation of the art gallery. The office realised there were major challenges because of lack of cost control and risk management practices but at the same time, the project proved out to be a success because of the dedication of the team towards the completion of the project. This could be due to the fact that the deliverables, responsibilities, reporting structures, and decision structures were clearly defined in the plan which brought in strong communication capabilities for the internal team. Gallery Visitors Gallery visitors were the customers of the gallery would have to be impressed and thus, their needs and expectations were considered while developing plan for the renovation. Visitors participated in the survey that asked them about their experience with the gallery and the improvements they needed in the gallery. The view of the visitors was limited as they were taken not before the opening of the gallery. The visitor was found happy with the gallery changes suggesting that their needs and expectations were well taken care of the project team. Public Gallery is a public attraction and thus, needed acceptance from the public and thus, the communication had to be sent by the Public Works to inform them about the gallery changes. With the reconstruction activities, the nearby public would be affected and thus, they need information. The public was not involved in the lessons learned process Architect Architect would be responsible for creating the new design needed for renovation of the art gallery Architect found it challenging to create a sound design on time because of conflicts of interest between decisions making concerning the design which added to delays. He suggested that the team must first have a consensus on the design requirements and then begin the process of designing. Project Manager Project manager was responsible for managing the end to end activities of the project beginning from the stage of project initiation followed by planning, execution, monitoring, control and closure. Project manager found some good and bad experiences on the project. He found cost control, designing, and risk control as major challenge areas while communication management was the strong point of the project(White Cohan, 2000). Project Background Information The National Gallery of Ireland (NGI) is the largest Museum of Ireland located in Dublin near national library having a very diverse collection of paintings, sculptures, and other art forms of historical value. It majorly displayed European art and has some best art pieces of the world. Most of the items displayed in the museum have been received as benefactions and donations. Besides the display of art, the gallery also engages into other activities such as art research, art restoration, education and outreach. The gallery received 750,000 visitors annually and is considered as the fifth largest visitors location in the country and the largest among the free attractions. The NGI is a major cultural asset for the city and plays a key role in making the city a tourist attraction. However, because of weathering and pollution, the art gallery had lost its lustre and there was a need to renovate the two oldest Wings of the gallery including Dargan and Milltown. Thus, a redevelopment project was initiated which was planned in four phases including replacement of the roof of Dargan Wing and Milltown Wing, a major upgrade in the Museum services, creation of an atrium between two wings, and construction of an additional wing. While the renovation was planned, it was also ensured that most of the fabric of old architecture remained intact. In 2011, the debt crisis of the European sovereign lead to a recession which affected the refurbishment project creating financial challenges. The result of this was suspension of the construction project from 2012 to 2014. The two wings that were renovated by the time had already consumed a third of the total budget reserved for the construction project(HALL, 2017). Specific factors that could have lead to the complete failure of the project which was but prevented could be identified as below: Inability of the team to comply with the project schedule and budget requirements affecting the project performance those lead to reduction in profits. Lack of timely control over the schedule and costs of the project with respect to each deliverables made it further challenging to proceed without deviations Inadequate risk management practices lead to the suspension of the project for two years. Risk management process was established but it was not exhaustive such that only the general risks were identified initially which is why the project team could not remain prepared to deal with unexpected changes and prevent project failure. However, despite the challenges, the project was finally constructed because of several success factors that included strong communication, clear roles and responsibilities definition, and good involvement of the visitors before the planning. Analysis of key issues A cost benefit analysis of the project revealed the gallery was faced with some issues because of which the gallery could continue to operate as it is only if the Beit Wing is also renovated within six years by when the Wing would become 50 years old. This would need more expenditure in the plant and equipments. A failure to do that would reduce the gallery into a small shop or a restaurant. The project already incurred additional expenditures that had to be adjusted. This included the increased operational cost because of tax payments and electricity bill. Improved environmental services as needed by the project lead to an increase in the electricity bill of the gallery. The two galleries renovated were thus closed and Beit and Millennium galleries were returned for recovering the space lost due to closure. With this move, the space availability in the gallery increased to 43% from 33%. However, the additional special storage space and movement logistics added to the operational cost making the conservation work financially unsustainable. Moreover, because of elimination of two wings, the staff was also reduced(Dorgan Associates, 2013). There were several economic adjustments made for the increase in the operational costs as revealed from the cost benefit analysis of the project. These included shadow cost of labour reducing economic costs by 107,000, annual deficit amounting to 115,000, consumer value adjustment of 1.7 million annually. The total economic effects of 3.3 million resulted from these adjustments. Similar calculations for shadow costs and exchequer added 2.3 million as VAT cost. Communication was a strong point of the project and it also proved to be useful in the collection of lessons learned for this report as the project team members were more than willing to discuss their experience with the project and provide recommendations for improvement. Competency Training The staff involved in the project was competent enough to explore the lessons and provide recommendations as they had a major involvement throughout the project life cycle. The project was majorly managed by a small team and thus, closes coordination and integration between the team members was required which made them sufficiently knowledgeable about the project progress and outcomes. However, before they could be taken as participants in the lessons learned discussion, it was essential that they understood how lessons learned are recorded and what they should be discussing about such that relevant points are highlighted and the discussions could be done faster. For this, the project manager first provided a small training to all the team members during the first project progress review meeting in which they were told about various aspects that are important for the recoding of lessons learned on the project. These included: Identification and understanding of the contribution of the major project success factors on the current project. Identification and resolution of the factors that could lead to failure of the project Identification and mitigation of the cases where there are deviations found in the schedule or cost management on the project Ability of the project team to satisfy the requirements of key stakeholders The skills and capabilities of the project team members on delivering the project deliverables as required and within the time allotted. Ability of the team to establish control over cost and schedule of the project to ensure that deviations are minimized(BELEIU, et al., 2014). Key Lessons Learned Some key lessons were learned during the project as identified during the discussions with the project team members and other key stakeholders and these included: Communication between the team members plays a crucial role in a project success and risks as well as challenges can be managed well with strong communication If the roles and responsibilities of each member of a project are clearly identified during the project plan then it would help in building a strong communication on the project It is essential that key stakeholders are identified properly and involved throughout the project life cycle. If the project manager fails to do that, major rework or modifications would be required at later stages of the project. Conflicts between stakeholder needs are likely to arise anytime on the project if their needs are not identified earlier and a consensus is not reached in the beginning of the project Risk management is a very essential process but it should not be taken superficially. Instead, the project must be explored in depth for identification of specific risks during the project planning such that the company is well prepared to deal with most of the risks expected on the project. For this, expert opinion is needed which can be taken from the project manager as well as risk management consultants. Costs should not just be monitored for the major milestones but for individual cost elements that would contribute to the cost to the project such that control measures can be taken to reduce costs even in case of small deviations such that major cost impacts are not caused on the project at later stages The cost of changes on a project can be more at later stages of the project. If the mistakes can be identified at the planning stage, it is best for the companys interest and thus, it is essential the project plan is sufficiently reviewed by the team including the deliverables that must be reviewed by the stakeholders Involvement of external stakeholders is essential but most often; projects only involve direct clients and audience of the project in project meetings. However, other stakeholders are also important as they can affect the project outcomes and thus, it is essential that each stakeholder role is sufficiently reviewed and their views are taken for project plan Multiple stakeholders would have multiple requirements and several of them could be conflicting and thus, a consensus needs to be reached between them which need their integrated involvement. The project manager must clearly understand each conflicting requirement and arrive at a satisfactory solution for all which must be communicated to all the stakeholders involved. Recommendations Based on the study of the project, certain recommendations can be made for the renovation project for project management improvement including: Risk management practices must be used on the project such that the possible problems and consequences can be anticipated and accordingly contingency plans can be made in advance such that the project risks can be mitigated. If the possibility of financial crisis affecting the project was considered by the management then it would not have resulted into suspension of work as the management would have made contingency plans to continue the work despite the challenges The monitoring and control of project expenses must be strong for which project activities, its resources, and costs must be monitored and compared with the project to ensure that the project does not exceed its budget. If the company had a strong control over costs, the costs would not have been escalated to exhaust a third amount only in wing renovation. Activity cost control can be used for establishing control over project expenses. This way, any deviations observed in the cost during the monitoring stage can be attended to by the project manager. Cost estimation of the project should have been done carefully with considerations of all the project aspects, supplier concerns, contractual issues, regulatory issues, environmental issues, economic issues, project risks and so on. This consideration would have improved the probability of having correct cost estimation such that project did not fall short of funds. The project manager must make strict assessment of the contractors, their experience, and capabilities before selecting the contractor such that costs are optimized and the project is completed on time with no major deviations. The national art gallery renovation project consumed more budget because of the inefficiencies of contractors as they were unable to complete the work as per plan. Had vendor considerations made initially before selection, the project could have got contractors that were more cost and time efficient. Conclusion This report involved analysis of the national gallery of Ireland renovation project that involved modernization of the art gallery. The project involved construction of an underground energy centre, Entry level Shaw Room, refurbished galleries, and a renovated light-filled courtyard. It was found in the analysis of the project that the project expenses increased beyond the budget. Two main wings that were initially renovated were closed later and two other wings of the gallery were created. The project was a success when opened to public as it received a large number of visitors annually. It was found in the lessons learned report that the project could have encountered a major failure because of several reasons including insufficient cost control measures, lack of strong risk management process, lack of schedule control, and less involvement of external stakeholders during requirement gathering. However, there were also some project success factors that contributed to the success of the project including clear identification of roles and responsibilities and strong communication capabilities of the organization bringing in strong coordination within the internal teams. Thus, recommendations were made for improvement of the risk management and project monitoring and control processes of the company such that probability of failure of future projects of the company can be reduced. Bibliography BELEIU, I., CRISAN, E. NISTOR, R., 2014. MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING PROJECT SUCCESS, Romania: Babe?-Bolyai University. Dorgan Associates, 2013. COST BENEFIT EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL GALLERY REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT, s.l.: DEPARTMENT OF ARTS, HERITAGE AND THE GAELTACHT. HALL, M., 2017. The National Gallery of Ireland. The Burlington Magazine, September, pp. 742-743. Qatar National Project Management, 2012. Lessons Learned Document Preparation Guidelines , s.l.: MDPS. Rowe, S. Sikes, S., 2006. Lessons Learned: Taking it to the Next Level , s.l.: Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan . White, M. Cohan, A., 2000. A Guide to Capturing Lessons Learned, s.l.: Conservation Gateway. Williams, P., 2007. LESSONS LEARNED GUIDELINES , s.l.: Assystem UK.